There are alternative methods to kill insects in products, that are not using chemical insecticides. Low oxygen or CO₂ atmospheres can achieve a perfect kill on all insect stages.

This is called Control Atmosphere treatment (CA) and is applied on chambers or silos.

• Products are placed in airtight chambers and nitrogen is supplied till oxygen drops below the critical percentage. Alternatively, CO₂ is increased to a lethal level. In most CA treatments temperature is also controlled to levels that are suggested by research protocols.
• Through a CA mobile unit, cereals in silos, can be treated through CA. The principle is the same with chambers. Nitrogen is supplied in the silo base to create a low oxygen atmosphere. Normal not-airtight silos can be treated too.